![]() ![]() Achuthappa Nayak (1560–1614), Raghunatha Nayak (1600–34) and Vijaya Raghava Nayak (1634–73) are some of the important rulers of the Nayak dynasty who ruled Thanjavur. Sevappa Nayak (1532–80), the Vijayanagar viceroy of Arcot, established himself as an independent monarch in 1532 (1549, according to some sources) and founded the Thanjavur Nayak kingdom. Deva Raya's inscription dated 1443, Thirumala's inscription dated 1455 and Achuta Deva's land grants dated 15 attest Vijayanagar's dominance over Thanjavur. ![]() Thanjavur is believed to have been conquered by Kampanna Udayar during his invasion of Srirangam between 13. Starting from the 1350s, the Ma'bar Sultanate was steadily absorbed into the rising Vijayanagar Empire. The Sultanate extended its authority directly over the conquered regions from 1311 to 1335 and then through the semi-independent Ma'bar Sultanate from 1335 to 1378. The Pandyas ruled Thanjavur from 1279 to 1311 when their kingdom was raided by the forces of Malik Kafur (1296–1306) and later annexed by the Delhi Sultanate. Thanjavur was eventually annexed along with the rest of the Chola kingdom by the Pandya king Maravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I (1268–1308) in 1279 and the Chola kings were forced to accept the suzerainty of the Pandyas. During the second invasion, the Chola king Rajaraja III (1216–56) was exiled and he sought the help of the Hoysala king Vira Narasimha II (1220–35) to regain Thanjavur. When the Chola Empire began to decline in the 13th century, the Pandyas from the south invaded and captured Thanjavur twice, first between 1218–19 and again in 1230. The temple is considered to be one of the best specimens of Tamil architecture. During the first decade of the eleventh century, the Chola king Raja Raja Chola I (985–1014) constructed the Brihadeeswarar Temple at Thanjavur. Gradually, Thanjavur became the most important city in the Chola Empire and remained its capital till the emergence of Gangaikonda Cholapuram in about 1025. The Rashtrakuta king Krishna II (878–914), a contemporary of the Chola king Parantaka I (907–950), claims to have conquered Thanjavur, but there are no records to support the claim. His son Aditya I (871–901) consolidated their hold over the city. ![]() Vijayalaya conquered Thanjavur from the Mutharayar king Elango Mutharayar and built a temple dedicated to the Hindu goddess Nisumbhasudani. The Cholas came to prominence once more through the rise of the Medieval Chola monarch Vijayalaya (841–878) in about 850. The region around present day Thanjavur was conquered by the Mutharayars during the sixth century, who ruled it up to 849. The Cholas seemed to have faced an invasion of the Kalabhras in the third century CE after which the kingdom faded into obscurity. Kovil Venni, situated 15 miles (24 km) to the east of the city, was the site of the Battle of Venni between the Chola king Karikala and a confederacy of the Cheras and the Pandyas. There are no references to Thanjavur in the Sangam period (third century BCE to fourth century CE) Tamil records, though some scholars believe that the city has existed since that time. It has been a part of independent India since 1947. After the fall of the Cholas, the city was ruled by various dynasties such as the Mutharaiyar dynasty, the Pandyas, the Vijayanagar Empire, the Madurai Nayaks, the Thanjavur Nayaks, the Thanjavur Marathas and the British Empire. The city first rose to prominence during the reign of the Cholas when it served as the capital of the empire. The nearest seaport is Karaikal, which is 94 km (58 mi) away from Thanjavur. The nearest airport is Tiruchirapalli International Airport, located 59.6 km (37.0 mi) away from the city. Roadways are the major means of transportation, while the city also has rail connectivity. Thanjavur is administered by a municipal corporation covering an area of 128.02 km 2 (49.43 sq mi) and had a population of 290,720 in 2011. The city is an important agricultural centre located in the Cauvery Delta and is known as the Rice bowl of Tamil Nadu. Thanjavur is the headquarters of the Thanjavur District. Thanjavur is also home to Tanjore painting, a painting style unique to the region. The foremost among these, the Brihadeeswara Temple, is located in the centre of the city. Most of the Great Living Chola Temples, which are UNESCO World Heritage Monuments, are located in and around Thanjavur. Thanjavur is an important center of South Indian religion, art, and architecture. ![]() Thanjavur is the 7th biggest city in Tamil Nadu. Thanjavur ( Tamil: ), formerly Tanjore, is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. ![]()
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